Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
Volume 112, Issue 3 , Pages 226-232 , April 2010

Motor and cognitive slowing in multiple sclerosis: An attentional deficit?

Received 18 April 2009 ,Revised 11 November 2009 ,Accepted 26 November 2009.

References 

  1. Rao SM, Leo GJ, Bernardin L, Unverzagt F. Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. I. Frequency, patterns, and prediction. Neurology. 1991;41:685–691
  2. Amato MP, Ponziani G, Pracucci G, Bracco L, Siracusa G, Amaducci L. Cognitive impairment in early-onset multiple sclerosis. Pattern, predictors, and impact on everyday life in a 4-year follow-up. Arch Neurol. 1995;52:168–172
  3. Kujala P, Portin R, Ruutiainen J. The progress of cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis. A controlled 3-year follow-up. Brain. 1997;120(Pt 2):289–297
  4. Hakim EA, Bakheit AM, Bryant TN, Roberts MW, McIntosh-Michaelis SA, Spackman AJ, et al. The social impact of multiple sclerosis—a study of 305 patients and their relatives. Disabil Rehabil. 2000;22:288–293
  5. Achiron A, Barak Y. Cognitive impairment in probable multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74:443–446
  6. Rao SM, St Aubin-Faubert P, Leo GJ. Information processing speed in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1989;11:471–477
  7. Kujala P, Portin R, Revonsuo A, Ruutiainen J. Automatic and controlled information processing in multiple sclerosis. Brain. 1994;117(Pt 5):1115–1126
  8. De Sonneville LM, Boringa JB, Reuling IE, Lazeron RH, Ader HJ, Polman CH. Information processing characteristics in subtypes of multiple sclerosis. Neuropsychologia. 2002;40:1751–1765
  9. DeLuca J, Johnson SK, Natelson BH. Information processing efficiency in chronic fatigue syndrome and multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 1993;50:301–304
  10. Janculjak D, Mubrin Z, Brinar V, Spilich G. Changes of attention and memory in a group of patients with multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2002;104:221–227
  11. Foong J, Rozewicz L, Chong WK, Thompson AJ, Miller DH, Ron MA. A comparison of neuropsychological deficits in primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2000;247:97–101
  12. Godefroy O, Lhullier-Lamy C, Rousseaux M. SRT lengthening: role of an alertness deficit in frontal damaged patients. Neuropsychologia. 2002;40:2234–2241
  13. Kujala P, Portin R, Revonsuo A, Ruutiainen J. Attention related performance in two cognitively different subgroups of patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1995;59:77–82
  14. Vitkovitch M, Bishop S, Dancey C, Richards A. Stroop interference and negative priming in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neuropsychologia. 2002;40:1570–1576
  15. Beatty WW, Paul RH, Wilbanks SL, Hames KA, Blanco CR, Goodkin DE. Identifying multiple sclerosis patients with mild or global cognitive impairment using the Screening Examination for Cognitive Impairment (SEFCI). Neurology. 1995;45:718–723
  16. Godefroy O, Cabaret M, Rousseaux M. Vigilance and effects of fatigability, practice and motivation on simple reaction time tests in patients with lesion of the frontal lobe. Neuropsychologia. 1994;32:983–990
  17. Godefroy O, Rousseaux M. Binary choice in patients with prefrontal or posterior brain damage. A relative judgement theory analysis. Neuropsychologia. 1996;34:1029–1038
  18. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189–198
  19. MRC. Aids to examination of the peripheral nervous system. London, England; 1976.
  20. Ashworth B. Preliminary trial of carisoprodol in multiple sclerosis. Practitioner. 1964;192:540–542
  21. Goodkin DE, Hertsgaard D, Seminary J. Upper extremity function in multiple sclerosis: improving assessment sensitivity with box-and-block and nine-hole peg tests. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1988;69:850–854
  22. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4:561–571
  23. Hamilton M. Diagnosis and rating of anxiety. Br J Psychiatry. 1969;3:76–79
  24. Kurtzke JF. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology. 1983;33:1444–1452
  25. Vernay D, Gerbaud L, Biolay S, Coste J, Debourse J, Aufauvre D, et al. Quality of life and multiple sclerosis: validation of the French version of the self-questionnaire (SEP-59). Rev Neurol (Paris). 2000;156:247–263
  26. Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist. 1969;9:179–186
  27. Raven J. Guide to using the coloured progressive matrices. London, UK; 1965.
  28. Raven J. Echelle de vocabulaire de Mill Hill. Adaptation française de Deltour JJ. 1998;
  29. Deloche GHD. Test d edénomination orale d’images (DO80). Paris; 1997.
  30. DeRenzi . Normative data and screening power of a shortened version of the token test. Cortex. 1978;14:41–49
  31. Albert ML. A simple test of visual neglect. Neurology. 1973;23:658–664
  32. Rey A. Test de copie d’une figure complexe; 1959.
  33. Weschler D. The Weschler adult intelligence scale. Physiological Corporation; 1955;
  34. Corsi. Human memory and medial temporal region of the brain. Doctoral dissertation. McGill University; 1972.
  35. Gröber EBH. Genuine memory deficits in dementia. Dev Neuropsychol. 1987;3:13–36
  36. GREFEX . L’évaluation des fonctions exécutives en pratique clinique. Revue de Neuropsychologie. 2001;11:383–434
  37. Stroop J. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J Exp Psychol. 1935;18:643–662
  38. Cardebat D, Doyon B, Puel M, Goulet P, Joanette Y. Formal and semantic lexical evocation in normal subjects. Performance and dynamics of production as a function of sex, age and educational level. Acta Neurol Belg. 1990;90:207–217
  39. Reitan R. Validity of trail making tests as an indicator of organic brain damage. Percept Mot Skills. 1958;8:271–276
  40. Baddeley ADSS, Papagno C, Spinnler H. Testing central executive functioning with a pencil–paper test; 1997.
  41. Milner B. Effects of different brain lesions on card sorting. Arch Neurol. 1963;9:90–100
  42. Shallice T, Burgess PW. Deficits in strategy application following frontal lobe damage in man. Brain. 1991;114(Pt 2):727–741
  43. Godefroy O. Frontal syndrome and disorders of executive functions. J Neurol. 2003;250:1–6
  44. Lasa L, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Vazquez-Barquero JL, Diez-Manrique FJ, Dowrick CF. The use of the beck depression inventory to screen for depression in the general population: a preliminary analysis. J Affect Disord. 2000;57:261–265
  45. Bernet-Bernady P, Preux PM, Preux C, Dumas M, Vallat JM, Couratier P. Case study of 199 patients with multiple sclerosis: the use of EDMUS program. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2000;156:41–46
  46. Figved N, Klevan G, Myhr KM, Glad S, Nyland H, Larsen JP, et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2005;112:463–468
  47. Maor Y, Olmer L, Mozes B. The relation between objective and subjective impairment in cognitive function among multiple sclerosis patients—the role of depression. Mult Scler. 2001;7:131–135
  48. Krupp LB, Sliwinski M, Masur DM, Friedberg F, Coyle PK. Cognitive functioning and depression in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 1994;51:705–710
  49. Rogers JM, Panegyres PK. Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: evidence-based analysis and recommendations. J Clin Neurosci. 2007;14:919–927
  50. Zorzon M, Zivadinov R, Nasuelli D, Ukmar M, Bratina A, Tommasi MA, et al. Depressive symptoms and MRI changes in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2002;9:491–496
  51. Arnett PA, Barwick FH, Beeney JE. Depression in multiple sclerosis: review and theoretical proposal. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2008;14:691–724
  52. DeLuca J, Barbieri-Berger S, Johnson SK. The nature of memory impairments in multiple sclerosis: acquisition versus retrieval. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1994;16:183–189
  53. Arnett PA, Rao SM, Grafman J, Bernardin L, Luchetta T, Binder JR, et al. Executive functions in multiple sclerosis: an analysis of temporal ordering, semantic encoding, and planning abilities. Neuropsychology. 1997;11:535–544
  54. Nagels G, Geentjens L, Kos D, Vieugels L, D’hooghe MB, Van Asch P, et al. Paced visual serial addition test in multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2005;107:218–222
  55. McCarthy M, Beaumont JG, Thompson R, Peacock S. Modality-specific aspects of sustained and divided attentional performance in multiple sclerosis. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2005;20:705–718
  56. Rao SM, Leo GJ, Ellington L, Nauertz T, Bernardin L, Unverzagt F. Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. II. Impact on employment and social functioning. Neurology. 1991;41:692–696
  57. Beatty WW, Goodkin DE, Hertsgaard D, Monson N. Clinical and demographic predictors of cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis. Do diagnostic type, disease duration, and disability matter?. Arch Neurol. 1990;47:305–308
  58. Amato MP, Ponziani G, Siracusa G, Sorbi S. Cognitive dysfunction in early-onset multiple sclerosis: a reappraisal after 10 years. Arch Neurol. 2001;58:1602–1606
  59. Basso MR, Beason-Hazen S, Lynn J, Rammohan K, Bornstein RA. Screening for cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 1996;53:980–984
  60. Pokryszko-Dragan A, Zagrajek M, Slotwinski K, Gruszka E, Bilinska M, Podemski R. Neuropsychological testing and event-related potentials in the assessment of cognitive performance in the patients with multiple sclerosis—a pilot study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2009;111:503–506
  61. Benito-Leon J, Morales JM, Rivera-Navarro J. Health-related quality of life and its relationship to cognitive and emotional functioning in multiple sclerosis patients. Eur J Neurol. 2002;9:497–502
  62. Chiaravalloti ND, DeLuca J. Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7:1139–1151

PII: S0303-8467(09)00314-X

doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2009.11.017

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
Volume 112, Issue 3 , Pages 226-232 , April 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution