Acute ischemic stroke treatment and the occurrence of seizures

Abstract 

Background and objectives

Early intravenous treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) improves the outcome of patients with an acute ischemic stroke. This retrospective observational study analyses whether rt-PA treatment also prevents the occurrence of early- and late-onset seizures.

Patients and methods

Thirty-eight patients treated with rt-PA were compared to 269 receiving anticoagulants (ACs) and 769 on antithrombotics (ATs) for an acute cardiac- or thrombo-embolic stroke. The epidemiological and clinical data, and the vascular risk factors were determined in the three groups. The incidence, onset and types of seizures were compared.

Results

The patients treated with rt-PA had more severe stroke signs on admission and remained more dependent than those treated with ACs and ATs. The appearance of early-onset seizures was related to the severity of the stroke. The incidence of the late-onset ones tended to be low in the rt-PA group. None of the patients developed status epilepticus or epilepsy.

Conclusion

The occurrence of early-onset seizures in the rt-PA treated group is related to the severity of the stroke and not to the treatment modality. Thrombolysis prevents partly the occurrence of late-onset seizures, probably, by a better reperfusion of the ischemic brain regions.

Keywords: Ischemic stroke, Early-onset seizures, Late-onset seizures, Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, Anticoagulants, Antithrombotics, Cerebral reperfusion